Anisotropic phenomena are frequently encountered in advanced engineering and scientific applications. They arise, for instance, in materials science, fluid dynamics, and coupled multiphysics problems. Accurately approximating such problems requires strategies for mesh generation and refinement that capture directional dependencies in material properties and solutions. Developing computational techniques for anisotropy presents algorithmic and numerical challenges. Resolving thin layers with steep gradients, typical in boundary layers and convection-dominated problems, requires meshes adapted to dominant error directions. Such anisotropic adaptation improves efficiency over isotropic refinement but is more complex due to difficulties in controlling mesh quality and avoiding ill-conditioned linear systems. Similar issues arise in anisotropic materials like reinforced composites and layered structures, where the mesh must resolve directional dependencies of coefficients and solution fields. Discretization often leads to ill-conditioned systems, necessitating specialized solvers and preconditioners for efficiency in practical applications. Moreover, anisotropic mesh refinement poses challenges from a mathematical perspective. Error estimates that ensure convergence must be derived not with respect to a general mesh size, but to mesh sizes in different directions. Developing such estimates requires advanced analytical techniques. While this has been studied in classical finite element methods, significant work remains for advanced discretizations. This is especially relevant in the field of Isogeometric Analysis, which employs separate refinement in parametric directions by default. Additionally, complex isogeometric parametrizations can introduce anisotropic mesh features that must be accounted for in the mathematical analysis. This minisymposium brings together researchers working on the mathematical theory and advanced computational methods tailored for anisotropic material properties and anisotropic solutions. We invite contributions on anisotropic mesh generation, adaptive refinement, and solver development, focusing on computational techniques that resolve anisotropic material properties and solution fields with high accuracy and efficiency. Emphasis is placed on space-time finite element or isogeometric frameworks for evolving anisotropic phenomena, advanced anisotropic error estimation, and anisotropy-aware linear solvers and preconditioners.