The macro-transport deposition and micro-clearance penetration processes of inhaled particles (collectively referred to as multi-scale movement), which are constrained by human physiological characteristics, are the key factors affecting the induction of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and other human health problems. The multi-scale motion of particles in the human respiratory tract represents a typical fluid-solid coupling system, where the multi-scale dynamics dictate the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics, ciliary clearance properties, and cell membrane penetration behaviors of the particles. Researching the multi-scale motion of particles in the human body can help answer questions such as the impact of inhaled polluting particles on human health and how drug particles can be controlled to achieve efficient deposition in the desired target areas. This report focuses on the research of inhaled particles, represented by inhaled medications, infectious viruses, extraterrestrial hazardous materials, among others. It highlights the advancements in the related research of multi-scale dynamics of inhaled particles, with emphasis on several key areas: the complex physiological deformation dynamics models and respiratory flow mechanisms of the respiratory tract, coupled dynamics models and transport deposition characteristics of inhaled particles, as well as the pathways and mechanisms of particles traversing the multi-component lung surfactant monolayer membrane.