Experimental and Numerical Comparisons Addressing Wave Propagation Characteristics through Homogeneous and Stratified Media
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A series of experimental investigations were conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) to study wave propagation characteristics through both homogeneous and stratified media. The data collected from these tests was used to compare simulation results derived from two different codes, EPIC - a Lagrange-based FEA code [1] and CTH - an Eulerian-based code [2]. Each test article included a 1.83-m by 1.83-m in height concrete cylinder. The loading environment was provided by a 91-cm by 1.27 cm disc of C4 high-explosive, with a mass of 15.9 kg, centered at the top surface of the concrete cylinder. A consistent, top-centered detonation point was ensured for each test. Each concrete test cylinder rested on two parallel wood beams, 15-cm x 15-cm x 243-cm each, placed at approximately 1/3rd of the total diameter from each end. No other restrictions were placed on the motion of the cylinders (i.e., no artificial boundary conditions were imposed). Therefore, the bottom surface of the cylinders was primarily free and not in direct contact with the ground. This presentation discusses three different experimental arrangements: a) a continues/homogeneous cylinder, b) a stratified concrete cylinder with two parallel horizontal joints placed at the 0.60-m and 1.21- m marks from the bottom of the cylinder c) the same arrangement as in b) with the inclusion of a 1.83-m long, 30.5-cm diameter tunnel oriented parallel to the top surface and centered both horizontally and vertically. The tunnel is lined with A36 steel, located within the middle layer of concrete, and doesn’t intersect any of the joints. Each case was instrumented with gauges reporting both time of arrivals (TOA) as well as accelerometers (AG’s) at select locations. The TOA gauges were arranged equidistantly on two different radials emanating from the center and distributed along the height of the cylinders. The reporting AG’s were arranged along the axis of symmetry of the cylinders and distributed along their height. Each configuration was tested twice to ensure consistency of the experimental data. Results from the experiments and their corresponding comparisons to the numerical outputs extracted from EPIC and CTH are presented herewith. Specific techniques employed in the numerical simulations to guarantee their success are also discussed in this presentation.
