Comparative Analysis of Torque-Summed and Velocity-Summed Equalization in Multi-Lane Electromechanical Actuators
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The increasing reliance on electrified and autonomous systems in safety-critical domains places growing demands on the dependability and robustness of electromechanical actuation technologies. In applications such as aviation and advanced mobility, actuator performance degradation and fault propagation can have direct safety and societal consequences, making architecture-level robustness a central engineering challenge rather than a secondary design consideration. This paper addresses this challenge through a comparative investigation of multi-lane redundant electromechanical actuator architectures, focusing on the robustness implications of torque-summed and velocity-summed equalisation strategies. Rather than treating equalisation as a low-level control problem, the study adopts a system-level perspective, examining how architecture selection influences load sharing, stability, and degradation behaviour under uncertainty. A simulation-based digital equalisation framework is developed to enable a consistent, likefor-like evaluation of both architectures under representative fault scenarios and parameter variations. The framework co-models redundant actuator lanes, equalisation logic, and faultrepresentative uncertainties within a unified digital environment, allowing differences in system response to be attributed directly to the selected equalisation strategy. The response of each architecture is analysed in terms of load-sharing behaviour, stability under asymmetric conditions, and the containment of degradation effects across lanes. The results demonstrate that equalisation strategy selection has a significant influence on actuator robustness and fault tolerance. By linking architecture selection to system-level behaviour under degraded conditions, this work highlights how rigorous engineering analysis can support more informed design decisions in safety-critical mechatronic systems and illustrates how addressing fundamental engineering challenges contributes to the development of more dependable technologies with clear societal relevance.
