Prototype Scale Validation of Soft Pneumatic and Cable Driven Actuation for a Bending Kinetic Shading Façade

  • Liu, Jiuyuan (University of Stuttgart)
  • Wortmann, Thomas (University of Stuttgart)
  • Matheou, Maria (University of Stuttgart)

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This paper reports prototype scale validation of two actuation mechanisms for a bending kinetic shading façade using 1 m by 1 m triangular wings. Soft pneumatic actuation based on McKibben type artificial muscles is compared with cable driven actuation using pulleys and an electric motor. Two prototypes at 1 to 2 scale were built, one per concept, with identical boundary conditions. One edge is mounted on a horizontal shaft that defines the bending axis and the opposite edge is guided on vertical rails with linear bearings. The pneumatic prototype produced stable curvature under pressurization up to 60 psi. The cable driven prototype achieved comparable bending with direct positioning but required cable routing and tension management. The pneumatic concept reduced module level mechanisms but required valves, tubing, sealing, and pressurization time. ClimateStudio was used to verify daylighting and glare performance through annual daylight autonomy and spatial disturbing glare, with maximum spatial disturbing glare not exceeding 6.6 percent. Energy use was quantified from measured actuation cycles and scaled to 5 cycles per day. Annual actuation demand was 0.117 kWh per square meter per year for cable actuation and 0.608 kWh per square meter per year for pneumatic actuation. Relative to a simulated PV yield of 118.1 kWh per square meter per year, actuation is 0.10 to 0.51 percent of harvested energy. The study quantifies, at prototype scale, the energy and integration trade offs between pneumatic and cable driven actuation for bending façade modules. Pneumatic actuation is suited to embedded compliant motion with reduced on module hardware and shared supply at the zone level. Cable actuation is suited to applications requiring direct positioning and minimum actuation energy. Future work will investigate durable wing materials, flexible photovoltaic layers such as thin film modules, and clustered zoning with long term control strategies for façade deployment.