Material degradation poses critical challenges in various engineering sectors, from the failure of bioresorbable orthopaedic implants to the corrosion of industrial infrastructure [1-3]. This study uses a multidisciplinary approach that combines experimental testing, finite element analysis (FEA) and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate corrosion inhibition and mechanical enhancement in Mg-Zn-Ca alloys and N80 carbon steel. To address the clinical demand for improved bioresorbable materials, we investigated a Mg-Zn-Ca alloy processed via Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). Although magnesium offers potential for treating bone fractures and osteoarthritis, its rapid degradation often limits its utility. FEA simulations were used to model the ECAP process, confirming that characteristic high-shear-strain bands responsible for grain refinement were successfully induced; the model was validated by the close agreement between the simulated and experimental punch forces. Subsequent electrochemical tests revealed that the grain-refined alloy exhibits significantly improved corrosion resistance and mechanical strength compared to conventional alloys, making it a promising candidate for load-bearing biomedical applications. In parallel, the study addresses the corrosion of N80 carbon steel in acidic media using a novel organic inhibitor. To elucidate the inhibition mechanism, DFT simulations were conducted to analyse the frontier molecular orbitals. The calculations focused on the energy gap between the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO). The results indicate that the inhibitor possesses a high HOMO energy and a narrow energy gap, which facilitates electron transfer and promotes strong binding affinity to the metal surface. Together, this work demonstrates the efficacy of combining physical grain refinement and chemical inhibition strategies to mitigate corrosion in high-performance materials.