Icing Meteorological Parameters and Ice Thickness Prediction Algorithms
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Low-altitude aircraft operate in the airspace below 1,000 meters, and face the risk of icing within the cloud layer range of 0 to 3,000 meters. In particular, the altitude range of 1,500 to 3,000 meters is a common high-incidence area for icing on low-altitude aircraft. According to FAR-25 Appendix C, the median volumetric diameter (MVD) and liquid water content (LWC) are the key meteorological parameters for aircraft icing, but they are difficult to be measured during the flight. An icing meteorological parameter measuring method is thus proposed herein with a device integrated with multiple ultrasonic sensors (specifically designed for ice thickness measurement) and pressure sensors. Based on the pressure sensor mounted on the device, the air speed and direction are calculated. And then an icing meteorological parameter prediction method based on the local ice thickness data collected by the ultrasonic sensors is developed. Validation results demonstrate that the proposed method yields a maximum absolute prediction error of 2.9915 μm, an average neural network prediction error of 0.1359 μm, a maximum relative prediction error of 13.94%, and an average relative error of 0.53%.
