A parametric reduced-order modeling of wake interactions in multi-turbine configurations
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High-fidelity simulations of wind turbine aerodynamics, particularly within multi-turbine arrays, remain computationally expensive for iterative design optimization. The complex wake–wake interactions in wind farms introduce nonlinear flow dynamics that challenge standard low-dimensional modeling techniques. This work presents a robust Parametric Reduced Order Modeling (PROM) framework designed to address these challenges by combining a Residual-Based Variational Multiscale (RBVMS) formulation with the Actuator Line Method (ALM). Our framework employs method of a lifting function approach to handle parametric variability. By constructing homogenized Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) modes, the framework effectively decouples the fluctuating flow components from the parameter-dependent mean flow. This enables the ROM to predict flow fields across a continuous range of inflow conditions without the computational burden of regenerating snapshot ensembles for every operating point. The accuracy and robustness of the framework are first established through canonical benchmarks, including buoyancy-driven flows and flow past a circular cylinder. The method is subsequently applied to the NREL 5-MW reference turbine in both single and two-turbine back-to-back configurations. In both cases, offline snapshot data are collected at inflow velocities of 8 m/s and 10 m/s. The PROM is then tasked with reconstructing the flow field at an unobserved intermediate velocity of 9 m/s during the online stage. Validation against high-fidelity full-order simulations demonstrates that the PROM accurately predicts turbine power generation and captures essential near-wake structures. While localized discrepancies are observed in the far-wake recovery of the interacting turbine configuration, the global flow physics and power generation are captured with high accuracy. This establishes the framework as a robust and efficient tool for overcoming the computational bottlenecks inherent in multi-turbine design cycles. REFERENCES [1] Dave, S., & Korobenko, A. (2025). Consistent reduced order modeling for wind turbine wakes using variational multiscale method and actuator line model. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 446, 118
