Simulation and Analysis of Fully Turbulent Sloshing Dynamics with the delta-LES-SPH Model
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Violent sloshing flows involve strong free-surface fragmentation, turbulence generation, and complex energy dissipation mechanisms. This work presents high-resolution two- and three-dimensional simulations based on the δ-LES-SPH approach to investigate vortex dynamics and dissipation processes. In 2D, vortex evolution initially follows an inverse energy cascade, but free-surface interactions disrupt the formation of large structures, producing smaller vortices. Surface tension acts as a stabilizing mechanism, reducing fragmentation and turbulent dissipation, although its influence in 2D is unrealistically strong compared to 3D. A detailed analysis of dissipation components—including numerical, viscous, and enstrophy-related contributions—reveals a strong resolution dependence: finer discretiza- tions promote smaller droplets and increase their number, enhancing small-scale vortex generation. To the authors’ knowledge, this resolution-dependent behavior of enstrophy dissipation has not been reported previously. These findings provide new insights into turbulence and energy transfer in violent sloshing regimes, with implications for predictive modeling and engineering design.
