An MRI-informed poromechanical model for organ-scale prediction of glioma growth
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Gliomas constitute one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous forms of brain tumors, posing major challenges for understanding their biology and developing effective treatments. Animal models enable the collection of rich longitudinal datasets describing tumor dynamics, which can be integrated within mathematical models to elucidate the biological mechanisms governing tumor growth. While most formulations rely on reaction-diffusion systems with limited insight on tissue deformation and fluid transport, here we propose an MRI-informed, poroelastic model to describe C6 glioma growth in rats. We use data from n=4 animals which were imaged five times after intracranial injection of cancer cells. Each MRI dataset includes (i) anatomical T_1-weighted MRI data for brain and tumor segmentation and to assign mechanical properties; (ii) diffusion-weighted MRI, which enables estimation of tumor volume fraction maps; and (iii) dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, which informs permeability as well as vascular and liquid fraction maps. Using finite-element simulations, model calibration for each rat uses the Levenberg-Marquardt method informed by the first three MRI datasets. Then, tumor forecasts are validated by assessing model-data agreement on the remaining two MRI datasets. Our results show relative tumor volume errors between 2.93 % and 12.97 % at calibration, and prediction errors between 4.73 % and 36.03 %. Additionally, Dice scores ranged from 0.8 to 0.93 during calibration, and from 0.70 to 0.93 during validation. Thus, our results suggest that our poromechanical model can describe C6 glioma growth. Hence, although further research is needed to improve parameterization, our model could contribute to investigating disease mechanisms using data from animal studies.
