A local correction strategy for unstable intermediate velocities in projection methods

  • Li, Lanlan (Hohai University)
  • Fu, Zhuojia (Hohai University)

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Meshfree methods provide a flexible numerical framework without mesh generation and show clear advantages in problems with moving boundaries and large deformations, especially for the simulation of incompressible flows. The motion of incompressible fluids is governed by the Navier–Stokes equation[1], in which velocity and pressure are strongly coupled. Direct solution of these equations often suffers from numerical stability issues. Projection method [2] is widely used to decouple velocity and pressure. The procedure usually starts with the computation of a intermediate velocity, which is then corrected using a pressure Poisson equation to obtain a divergence-free velocity field. While in practical simulations, it is observed that intermediate velocity of projection method may contain strong local anomalies, especially near solid boundaries, free surfaces, or regions with irregular point distributions. These anomalous intermediate velocities are often highly inconsistent with their neighboring points and can be amplified in subsequent steps, leading to pressure solver failure or even complete breakdown of the simulation. To address this issue, this work proposes a local anomaly-based correction strategy for the intermediate velocity field. The key idea is to identify and correct only a small number of anomalous points during the prediction step, while leaving all other points unchanged. A local reference velocity is computed using Gaussian-weighted averaging over neighboring points. An anomalous point is identified when the magnitude of its intermediate velocity exceeds a dimensionless threshold relative to the local reference value. The intermediate velocity at anomalous points is then reconstructed using information from neighboring points. The proposed method is fully local, easy to implement, and does not modify the governing equations or introduce additional stabilization terms. Several numerical examples, including lid-driven cavity flow, Taylor–Green vortex, piston-generated waves, and wave–structure interaction with submerged breakwater, demonstrate that the method effectively removes local velocity anomalies and significantly improves the robustness of meshfree projection-based incompressible flow simulations, particularly in problems involving free surfaces and complex boundaries.