Simulation-Driven Technology Transfer for Electrode Calendering: From Academic Models to Industrial Application
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The rapid growth of lithium-ion battery technology is driving innovation across multiple sectors, including renewable energy, electric mobility, and aerospace. To meet requirements for energy density, cost, and durability, optimization efforts increasingly focus on electrode microstructure, which, while not directly involved in electrochemical reactions, significantly influences conductivity and mechanical integrity. Traditionally, electrode design has relied on experimental trial-and-error approaches, which are time-consuming and costly. To accelerate development, advanced simulation models are being introduced to advance key manufacturing stages such as mixing, coating, drying, and calendering. Among these, calendering plays a critical role in defining electrode porosity and, consequently, energy density. This work presents a successful technology transfer model involving key stakeholders: the Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT) at Technische Universität Braunschweig, CADFEM, and Ansys, in collaboration with SAFT. Novel models developed by iPAT—such as a plastic deformation repulsive contact model and a bond model accounting for binder effects [1] —were implemented in Ansys Rocky by CADFEM and Ansys. The project encompassed parameter calibration and experimental validation, culminating in a robust simulation framework for industrial application. Calibration was performed using Ansys OptiSlang, leveraging sensitivity analysis and anisotropic kriging-based response surfaces for optimization. The resulting model predicts electrode porosity under varying calendering pressures across a broad range, demonstrating strong accuracy. For extremely low porosity values, further refinement is required to capture additional physical phenomena. This case exemplifies an effective R&D transfer approach, bridging academic innovation and industrial application through collaborative efforts. The integration of advanced modeling into commercial software accelerates electrode design, reduces development costs, and supports the next generation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
