Experimental and Finite Element Investigation of the Mechanical Response of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foam

  • Derbala, Imad (Ecole Nationale Préparatoire aux Etudes d’Ing)
  • Djemaoune, Younes (Ecole Militaire Polytechnique)
  • Tria, Djalel Eddine (Ecole Militaire Polytechnique)

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This work investigates the mechanical response of closed-cell aluminum foam under quasi-static compression and dynamic loading conditions. Previous studies have reported significant strain-rate sensitivity in aluminum foams under compressive loading [1-3]. However, a comprehensive assessment of strain-rate effects over a wide loading-rate regime, supported by consistent experimental techniques and numerical validation, remains limited. In this context, the present study addresses this gap by combining multiple experimental approaches with finite element modeling. The samples were prepared in cylindrical form with different densities. Quasi-static compression tests were first conducted at a strain rate of 0.001 s⁻¹. Instrumented drop-weight impact tests were then performed using a drop-weight tower. Subsequently, dynamic tests were conducted at varying strain rates using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus with duralumin bars. Finally, a direct Hopkinson pressure bar (DHPB) configuration was employed to investigate the complete dynamic compressive behavior, from yield to densification. The energy absorption capacity of the aluminum foam was analyzed and compared. The experimental results showed that both density and strain rate significantly affect the plateau stress and energy absorption capacity. Finite element (FE) simulations were conducted to validate the experimental observations, and a strain-rate-sensitive material model was implemented to assess strain-rate effects under dynamic loading conditions. A very good agreement was achieved between the experimental data and the numerical predictions.