Mixed Finite Difference Operators for Reduced Dispersion of Elastic Waves

  • Dymér, Robin (Uppsala University)
  • Almquist, Martin (Uppsala University)

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Seismic wave propagation in elastic solids is governed by the elastic wave equation, which admits both pressure (P) and shear (S) waves. Finite difference (FD) methods are widely used to solve these equations due to their simplicity and efficiency. However, in media such as sedimentary basins where the P-wave speed is much larger than the S-wave speed, standard centered FD schemes suffer from severe numerical dispersion (Moczo et al., 2010). The numerical S-wave speed is larger than the true wave speed, and the error is proportional to the P-wave speed. This can be avoided by replacing the narrow second-derivative difference operator by a wider stencil, resulting from applying the first derivative twice. However, the wide stencil under predicts the S-wave speed, in particular for high wavenumbers. To overcome both of these issues, we introduce a mixed scheme that combines standard and wide stencils, yielding significant improvement. We note that staggered grids also offer excellent dispersion properties (Virieux, 1986), but since they are difficult to adapt to curved and complex geometries we here focus on standard, collocated grids. Our approach is compatible with the Summation-By-Parts (SBP) framework combined with the Simultaneous Approximation Term (SAT) method for boundary conditions (Del Rey Fernandez et al., 2014). This allows us to readily obtain high-order accurate energy-stable schemes even in the presence of curved boundaries and interfaces.