Formation of magnetic zigzag domain walls: a numerical study

  • Yılmaz, Çağlar (University of Duisburg-Essen)
  • Vorwerk, Maximilian (University of Duisburg-Essen)
  • Schröder, Jörg (University of Duisburg-Essen)

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Understanding the magnetic domain configurations in magnetic materials is crucial for explaining magnetization processes and the properties of ferromagnets [1]. Investigations of domain structures reveal how various interactions, such as magnetostatic, exchange, and anisotropy effects, work together to stabilize the ferromagnetic domain state. The magnetic properties of a thin film are strongly influenced by its domain configuration; therefore, achieving precise control over a film’s magnetic response requires detailed knowledge of its micromagnetic structure. Insights into the arrangement of domain patterns are essential for many technological applications, including spintronic devices. One commonly observed type of domain wall structure is the charged domain wall. These walls typically take on a zigzag shape and form between regions where the magnetization directions point directly toward each other. This zigzag geometry is understood to lower the magnetostatic energy by spreading out the magnetic charge, which reduces the local charge density at the cost of increasing the overall wall length, with the charge distributed along both sides of the wall [2]. A quantitative understanding of this energy balance and the resulting domain-wall configurations requires a theoretical framework capable of resolving magnetization at the microscopic scale. The theory of micromagnetism [3–5], a continuum theory, describes the behaviour and arrangement of magnetic moments and therefore provides a suitable tool for analyzing magnetic properties and optimizing experimental processes. In this context, we performed finite element simulations to investigate the formation of zigzag domain walls in magnetic thin films under different conditions. We examined the influence of film thickness, edge geometry, and the presence of precipitates on domain-wall formation. References [1] A. Hubert and R. Sch¨afer: Magnetic Domains. The Analysis of Magnetic Microstructures, Springer, (1998). [2] C. Favieres, et al.: Charged magnetic domain walls as observed in nanostructured thin films: dependence on both film thickness and anisotrop, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 25(6), (2013). [3] L. Landau and E. Lifshitz: On the theory of the dispersion of magnetic permeability in ferromagnetic bodies. In Perspectives in Theoretical Physics, 51–65, (1935). [4] W.F. Brown: Micromagnetics. Wiley, (1963). [5] T.L. Gilbert: A phenomenological theory of damping in ferromagnetic materials. IEEE trans