Numerical Investigation on Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics of Looped Propeller with Gurney Flap

  • Matsumoto, Taichi (Kogakuin University)

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Electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft are expected to operate over an area of high population density, where propeller noise is a major problem. The loop-type propeller “Looprop” has been developed for low-noise drone/eVTOL applications. This study investigates the effects of a Gurney flap (GF) on the flow field, aerodynamic performance and aeroacoustics characteristics of a three-blade Looprop in hover. The numerical simulations are performed using rFlow3D, a rotary-wing CFD solver under development at JAXA, and the aeroacoustics analysis is performed using rNoise, an aeroacoustics prediction tool also under development at JAXA. The GF height is set to 2% of the blade chord length. Simulations are performed for both the Looprop without GF and with GF2% under two conditions : the same rotational-speed condition and the same thrust condition. The Looprop with GF2% increases the thrust coefficient by approximately 36% and improves the Figure of Merit by approximately 5% compared to the Looprop without GF. These improvements are attributed to an enhanced pressure difference between the suction and pressure sides. Additionally, GF also suppresses the flow separation, contributing to the improvements. Under the same rotational-speed condition, Looprop with GF2% increases the sound pressure level (SPL) at the blade-passing frequency by 2-5 dB, while the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) is almost the same. Under the same thrust condition, Looprop with GF2% decreases the SPL by 5-10 dB, and the OASPL by 3dB. These results indicate that the lift enhancement enabled by the Gurney flap can be exploited to achieve lower rotational speeds at a given thrust, thereby providing simultaneous aerodynamic and acoustic benefits for Looprop.