AI Enabled Psychoacoustic Analysis of Drone Noise for Low-Altitude Economy

  • Huang, Xun (Peking University)

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The successful implementation of a low-altitude economy (LAE) depends critically on effective noise control, a priority second only to safety [1]. Targeted research in this area is essential to foster the healthy development and widespread adoption of aircraft in this emerging sector. This paper outlines a research initiative to identify key scientific problems and to develop the associated strategies, with a specific focus on drone (and possibly eVTOL) and their operational use cases projected for the Hong Kong and Great Bay Area in the near future. This work performs classical frequency-domain analysis [2] and AI-enabled psychoacoustic analysis [3] on drone noise compared to musical tones of traditional musical instrument. As noise being a major hindrance to the large-scale adoption of drones, researchers all over the world have been endeavouring to understand the reason behind the high annoyance caused by drone noise and looking for mitigation strategies. In this work, by directly comparing the acoustic characteristics of drone noise with that of traditional musical instrument and utilizing AI technologies, we could hopefully understand the reasons for drone noise problems from a new perspective. In particular, acoustic measurements of a self-made drone have been performed in an anechoic chamber while the musical samples of violin are generated using iPhone GarageBand. The spectrogram and three sound quality metrics were used for comparison, which is conducted with certain AI strategies. More details will be given in the final manuscript. REFERENCES [1] Huang, X., “The small-drone revolution is coming—scientists need to ensure it will be safe,” Nature, Vol. 637, 2025, pp. 29-30. [2] Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., Torija, A. J., and Asensio, C., “On-field noise measurements and acoustic characterisation of multi-rotor small unmanned aerial systems,” Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 141, 2023, p. 108537. [3] Lotinga, M. J. B., Ramos-Romero, C., Green, N., and Torija, A. J., “Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation,” Current Pollution Reports, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2023, pp. 724–745.