Biomechanical Characterization of the Effect of Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia on Rodent Carotid Arteries
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide; therefore, studying risk factors and biological markers from a biomechanical perspective is of utmost importance. Existing studies [1] indicate a prevalence of such diseases in individuals exposed to hypoxia, directly affecting mining workers and communities in high-altitude regions, for example. In this context, a previous study conducted pressure myography experiments on rodent carotid arteries, where study groups were exposed to short- and long-term Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia (IHH), in addition to a control group. In said trials, arterial pressure and deformation data were obtained for both passive and active responses. In the present research, computational simulations are performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to determine the mechanical material constants for the Demiray constitutive model, fitting parameters from experimental data. Although previous studies with a similar methodology exist, most are based on uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests or isometric contraction ([2], [3]). However, pressure myography allows for better replication of the artery's in-vivo conditions and has not been extensively studied in conjunction with computational simulations. A similar study using this methodology [4] was conducted, but with a focus on the effect of chemical stimuli and inhibitors. Furthermore, through the characterization of the different study groups, the effect of IHH on the arterial active response is analyzed, identifying changes in vascular tone and tissue contractility. Expected results include a decrease in myogenic tone in subjects exposed to hypoxia, and arterial stiffening due to vascular remodeling of collagen fibers. These findings could be used to identify potential risk factors associated with diseases such as hypertension, which are directly related to arterial contractility. Also, identification of values and changes in mechanical and chemical parameters could lead to further studies and applications in the area.
