Use-Phase Carbon Emissions in Milling of Stainless Steel Using Carbide and Ceramic Tools
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The environmental impact of machining processes is increasingly relevant in industrial production. This study proposes a comparison of use-phase carbon emissions associated with the milling of stainless steel (AISI 316L) using two tool materials: solid carbide and ceramic. Each tool will be applied following industrially realistic strategies: carbide with conservative cutting parameters, and SiAlON at high cutting speeds recommended by the manufacturer. Measurements will include tool wear, cutting fluid and total electrical power consumptions, machining time, and energy per part, with optional separation of cutting, idle, and auxiliary energy contributions. Carbon emissions will be calculated based on the electricity grid factor, cutting fluid consumption, and tool-related emission factors, and expressed per part, per removed volume, and per functional surface. The study aims to provide insights into how tool selection and cutting strategies may influence energy demand and associated carbon emissions under different roughing or finishing conditions, offering a framework for assessing environmental impacts in industrial milling.
