Hybrid Aeroacoustic Study of Fricative Consonant Production using Complex Flow Simulations in a Simplified Neanderthal Vocal Tract
Please login to view abstract download link
In this work, we investigate the production of fricative consonants using aeroacoustic simulations in vocal-tract geometries, with the specific aim of exploring speech production capabilities in Neanderthals. Fricative consonants arise from turbulent airflow at low Mach numbers through complex anatomical constrictions. Specifically, fricatives are generated when the airflow in the oral cavity passes through a narrow constriction, leading to strong flow acceleration that can locally reach velocities of up to 50 m s⁻¹, corresponding to Reynolds numbers on the order of 10⁴. To study this phenomenon, we employ a hybrid aeroacoustic approach. Turbulent acoustic source terms are computed using a finite-volume compressible flow solver that supports both RANS and LES turbulence models on unstructured, potentially adaptive meshes [1]. Acoustic propagation is then modeled by solving the Perturbed Convective Wave Equation (PCWE) using a finite-element method on a dedicated acoustic mesh. The transfer of acoustic source terms between the flow and acoustic meshes is achieved through a conservative interpolation procedure [2]. The hybrid methodology is evaluated on two vocal-tract geometries. The first geometry is a simplified modern human vocal tract adapted from [3] and includes two obstacles: a tongue-shaped constriction that generates turbulence and an incisor-shaped obstacle on which the turbulent flow impinges, producing a dipole-like acoustic source characteristic of the fricative [s]. The second geometry is identical except that the incisor-shaped obstacle is replaced by a shovel-shaped incisor, representative of dental morphologies observed in fossil hominins, particularly Neanderthals. By comparing the aerodynamic fields and the resulting acoustic source distributions in both configurations, we assess the influence of incisor geometry on the aerodynamic and acoustic mechanisms underlying fricative consonant production.
