Modeling Dense Wastewater Dispersion in a Crossflow with Lattice Boltzmann Methods
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Aquatic ecosystems face increasing pollution due to population growth and industrialization, threatening water quality, marine biodiversity, and human health, particularly in coastal regions where industrial discharges are concentrated. Among the sources contributing to these effects are desalination plants, which release hypersaline effluents into marine environments, with the risk of altering local hydrodynamics and mixing processes [1]. The accurate prediction of the trajectory and dilution of these effluents once they are released into water bodies is a critical step toward developing effective mitigation strategies [2]. Such predictions enable the design of optimized outfall systems and the implementation of regulatory measures to minimize environmental impact, and they require the study of the complex interplay between buoyancy, momentum, and ambient flow. Computational fluid dynamics-based approaches have been shown to be well suited for this objective and have found widespread success in related applications. Among these approaches, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is a powerful computational tool, widely used for simulating complex flows, including pollutant dispersion in air and water [3,4]. The present study further validates the use of LBM for modeling the dilution of vertical dense wastewater jets in crossflow by employing grid refinement and turbulent inflow conditions and comparing numerical results with experimental data across various configurations. The influence of the elevated nozzle and turbulence reconstruction on the resulting jet trajectory and dilution is examined. The results show good agreement for vertical concentration profiles and other key metrics, demonstrating the method’s potential for environmental impact assessment and mitigation.
