Aerodynamic Aspects of Krüger Flap Operations

  • Hasabnis, Apurva (DLR - German Aerospace Center)
  • Wild, Jochen (DLR - German Aerospace Center)

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Krueger flaps have gained increased investigation in recent years. Their ability to avoid disturbance of laminar flow on the wing upper surface and prolong the onset of separation make them the high-lift system of choice for laminar-flow wings. Stored in the cavity under the wing, they deploy against the flow, extending into the airstream. Thereby modifying the wing camber, allowing delay of flow separation and increasing the lift-coefficient. They also act as shielding-devices for the wing leading-edge in fully deflected position against contaminants and insects. The aim of this work is to present the results of study of flow physics surrounding such Krueger-panel high-life devices mounted on the leading edge of laminar wing transport aircraft. This effort is derived from the German national project ‘ULTIMATE’ [1]. Here, the Krueger flaps are mounted in distributed configuration across the wing and deploy in sequential manner. An innovative design is discussed in detail, incorporating multiple Krueger panels with folding bullnose. The underlaying wing-layout, Kinematics and system design is derived from the CFD results and wind-tunnel data obtained during earlier European project UHURA [2]. The design assumes the same cruising speed as today’s turbulent wing designs, allowing valid comparisons. Such is another important objective to enable fuel savings upto 10% as compared to today’s aircrafts. During this study, High-fidelity numerical simulations were carried out to capture the flow physics around the Krueger panels. An extensive test-matrix covering numerous sequential configurations during operations and speeds are considered. The CFD results are partially validated against experimental wind-tunnel results obtained from project partners. Critical failure cases are established and evaluated considering the Krueger panels jammed in unfavourable positions. The aerodynamic analysis evaluates the achievement of handling-quality requirements, including for failure cases, to ensure compact kinematics and system design. The progress-so-far is discussed, with insights into future goals.