The Impact of Initial Fixation Stiffness and Biodegradation of Mg-alloy Fixation Plates on Fracture Healing
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Traditional fracture treatment in the form of plate fixation makes use of nondegradable materials. Specifically when it comes to clavicle fracture fixation, these plates often have to be removed in an undesirable second surgery. Biodegradable materials, such as Mg-alloys, can alleviate this, but the impact on the fracture healing process is not fully understood. In this study, a fracture healing model and a Mg biodegradation model are combined in order to determine the effect of (1) initial implant stiffness and (2) the loss of implant stiffness over time on the fracture healing process. The fracture healing model uses fuzzy logic and finite element analysis to take current tissue presence and strains into account and compute fracture healing over time in an iterative way [1]. The geometry, loading and boundary conditions were adopted from sheep metatarsus experiments [2] which were used for model calibration and validation [1]. The biodegradation model is built on Continuum Damage Mechanics [3]. WE43 was modeled and the corrosion rate was calibrated in vitro (4 mm/year). Healing was computed under both normal [1] and reduced (½) physiological loading and with and without biodegradation of the material. Locked plate fixation was modeled with a 1 mm bone-plate gap, 40 mm of working length and curved plates to conform to the bone geometry. Plate thickness was varied from 1 mm to 9 mm while the plate width was 10 mm. The degree of healing over time is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 for the normal and the reduced physiological loading. The results show a large impact of the plate thickness (initial stiffness) on the course of fracture healing, while the impact of biodegradation was very limited.
